Everything about the Yukaghir Languages totally explained
The
Yukaghir languages (also
Yukagir,
Jukagir) are a family of related languages spoken in the
Russian Far East by the
Yukaghir, an
indigenous people in Eastern Siberia, living in the basin of the
Kolyma River. The entire family is regarded as
moribund(External Link
), with a total of fewer than 200 speakers reported in the 1989 Russian census.
The only two extant members are:
- Northern Yukaghir (ykg; "Tundra Yukaghir", also known as Odul, Tundra, Tundre): 30 to 150 speakers as of 1989.
- Southern Yukaghir (yux; "Forest Yukaghir", also known as Kolym, Kolyma, Odul): 10 to 50 speakers as of 1989.
Classification
The relationship with other language families is mostly unknown, although it has been suggested that it's related to the
Uralic languages (see
Uralic-Yukaghir languages).
Tundra Yukaghir
Last spoken in the
tundra belt extending between the lower
Indigirka to the lower
Kolyma basin . Formerly spoken in a much wider area extending to the
Lena basin in the west.
Forest Yukaghir
Last spoken in the forest zone near the sources of the Kolyma, divided between the
Sakha Republic and the
Magadan Oblast (around ), previously in the wider area of the upper
Kolyma region.
Phonology
Чч /ʧ/ palatal voiceless affricate
Җҗ /ʤ/ palatal voiced affricate
Сь сь palatal voiceless fricative, a positional variant of c' in non-initial contexts
Ҕҕ/ɣ/ uvular fricative
Ққ /q/ uvular stop
Зз /z/ voiced palato-alveolar fricative
Ҥҥ /ŋ/ velar nasal
Шш /ʃ/ voiceless palato-alveolar fricative
Ль ль palatal lateral
Нь нь palatal nasal
Өө mid front rounded vowel
Әә short non-high underspecified vowel which occurs after the first foot and is either pronounced as the central mid vowel or harmonized to other vowels
Ы ы back high unrounded vowel which occurs in loanwords
Long vowels are written as digraphs: аа, ии, оо, уу, (э)
Sample
Yarqadan
Recorded by Ljudmila Zhukova from Ljubov' Demina in 1988.(External Link)
| пэ |
аан-дә-пә-гәт |
йарқә |
поҗольә-гәт |
пойньаа-сьии-л |
туде |
оозии-гәлә |
Йарқәдән |
емей |
ой |
миидә |
чурууҗә |
қон-таа-сьии-ну-м. |
| mountain |
under-3-PL-ABL |
ice |
shining-ABL |
white-DEL-AN
DEL=delimitative
AN=action nominalizer |
he.GEN |
water-ACC |
Yarqadan
(*йарқә-д-ун lit. "ice river") |
mother |
stream |
along |
quietly |
go-TR-DEL-IMPF-TR.3SG |
Further Information
Get more info on 'Yukaghir Languages'.
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